They also play important roles in biotechnology and food science in the production of various pigments, foods, beverages, antibiotics, pharmaceuticals and enzymes. Molds cause biodegradation of natural materials, which can be unwanted when it becomes food spoilage or damage to property. Mold had been used as a common name for now non-fungal groups such as water molds or slime molds that were once considered fungi. In the past, most molds were classified within the Deuteromycota. Molds are considered to be microbes and do not form a specific taxonomic or phylogenetic grouping, but can be found in the divisions Zygomycota and Ascomycota. Many of these spores are colored, making the fungus much more obvious to the human eye at this stage in its life-cycle. The mode of formation and shape of these spores is traditionally used to classify molds. The dusty texture of many molds is caused by profuse production of asexual spores ( conidia) formed by differentiation at the ends of hyphae. Cross-walls (septa) may delimit connected compartments along the hyphae, each containing one or multiple, genetically identical nuclei. The hyphae are generally transparent, so the mycelium appears like very fine, fluffy white threads over the surface. The network of these tubular branching hyphae, called a mycelium, is considered a single organism. The growth of hyphae results in discoloration and a fuzzy appearance, especially on food. Some fungi form mushrooms others grow as single cells and are called microfungi (for example yeasts).Ī large and taxonomically diverse number of fungal species form molds. The spores are the dispersal units of the fungi. The dust-like, colored appearance of molds is due to the formation of spores containing fungal secondary metabolites. A mold ( US, PH) or mould ( UK, NZ, AU, ZA, IN, CA, IE, SE, MY) is one of the structures certain fungi can form.
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